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Class XII · Biology

Biotechnology and its Applications: NEET MCQ practice

276 practice questions on Biotechnology and its Applications, including 36 from past NEET papers, each with an explanation. Practise them chapter by chapter in the GyaanLoop app.

276

Practice questions

173

Easy

101

Medium

2

Hard

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What Biotechnology and its Applications covers

Topics in the NEET (UG) 2026–27 syllabus for this chapter.

  • Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture
  • Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy
  • Genetically modified organisms- Bt crops; transgenic animals
  • Biosafety issues- biopiracy and patents

Past NEET questions on Biotechnology and its Applications

Try each one, then open the answer and explanation.

Question 1 · NEET 2025

Which of the following genetically engineered organisms was used by Eli Lilly to prepare human insulin?

  1. A.Bacterium
  2. B.Yeast
  3. C.Virus
  4. D.Phage
Show answer

Answer: A. Bacterium

Eli Lilly's Humulin was the first commercial human insulin produced via recombinant DNA technology. They inserted the human insulin gene into E. coli (a bacterium). That genetically engineered bacterium was used for production.

Question 2 · NEET 2024

Match List-I with List-II: List-I List-II A. Genetically engineered Human Insulin I. Gene therapy B. GM Cotton II. E. coli C. ADA Deficiency III. Antigen-antibody interaction D. ELISA IV. Bacillus thuringiensis Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. A.A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
  2. B.A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
  3. C.A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
  4. D.A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Show answer

Answer: D. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

First, recall pairings: Human Insulin → produced via recombinant E. coli (A-II). GM cotton → often includes Bt toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (B-IV). ADA deficiency → treated using gene therapy (C-I). ELISA → based on antigen-antibody interaction (D-III).

Question 3 · NEET 2024

Given below are two statements: Statement I: The Indian Government has set up GEAC, which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research. Statement II: Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by native people. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. A.Statement I is true but Statement II is false
  2. B.Statement I is false but Statement II is true
  3. C.Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  4. D.Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Show answer

Answer: A. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

GEAC is India’s statutory body for approving GMO research, so Statement I is true. Biopiracy refers to unauthorized commercial use of indigenous resources by outsiders, not by native people, so Statement II is false.

Question 4 · NEET 2024

The 𝐵𝑡 toxin in genetically engineered 𝐵𝑡 cotton kills the pest by:

  1. A.Creating pores in the midgut
  2. B.Damaging the respiratory system
  3. C.Degenerating the nervous system
  4. D.Altering the pH of body fluids
Show answer

Answer: A. Creating pores in the midgut

Bt toxin is a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis. In susceptible insects, it binds to midgut epithelial cells, forms pores, disrupts osmotic balance, and causes cell lysis, leading to insect death.

Question 5 · NEET 2024

Following are the steps involved in action of toxin in Bt. Cotton A. The inactive toxin converted into active form due to alkaline pH of gut of insect. B. Bacillus thuringiensis produce crystals with toxic insecticidal proteins. C. The alkaline pH solubilises the crystals. D. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut cells, creates pores and causes death of the insect. E. The toxin proteins exist as inactive protoxins in bacteria. Choose the correct sequence of steps from the options given below:

  1. A.E →C →B →A →D
  2. B.B →C →A →E →D
  3. C.A →E →B →D →C
  4. D.B →E →C →A →D
Show answer

Answer: D. B →E →C →A →D

First, Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal proteins (protoxins) which are inactive in bacteria (E). When ingested by insects, the alkaline pH solubilizes the crystals (C), converting the inactive toxin to active form (A). The activated toxin binds to midgut cells, creates pores, and causes death (D). Sequence: B → E → C → A → D.

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