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Class XII · Biology

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes: NEET MCQ practice

260 practice questions on Biotechnology: Principles and Processes, including 59 from past NEET papers, each with an explanation. Practise them chapter by chapter in the GyaanLoop app.

260

Practice questions

148

Easy

112

Medium

0

Hard

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What Biotechnology: Principles and Processes covers

Topics in the NEET (UG) 2026–27 syllabus for this chapter.

  • Principles and process of biotechnology
  • Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)

Past NEET questions on Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Try each one, then open the answer and explanation.

Question 1 · NEET 2025

Which of the following enzyme(s) are NOT essential for gene cloning? A. Restriction enzymes B. DNA ligase C. DNA mutase D. DNA recombinase E. DNA polymerase Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

  1. A.C and D only
  2. B.A and B only
  3. C.D and E only
  4. D.B and C only
Show answer

Answer: A. C and D only

Gene cloning requires cutting DNA (restriction enzymes), joining DNA fragments (DNA ligase), and amplifying DNA (DNA polymerase). DNA mutase introduces mutations, not needed for routine cloning. DNA recombinase is for site-specific recombination, not essential for standard cloning.

Question 2 · NEET 2025

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA following the equation.

  1. A.N2
  2. B.2n
  3. C.2n + 1
  4. D.2N2
Show answer

Answer: B. 2n

PCR amplifies DNA exponentially: after n cycles, starting with one DNA molecule, you have 2ⁿ copies. The number of new strands synthesized is 2ⁿ, matching option (B).

Question 3 · NEET 2025

The blue and white selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinant colonies from non-recombinant colonies on the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. Given below are two statements about this method: Statement I: The blue coloured colonies have DNA insert in the plasmid and they are identified as recombinant colonies. Statement II: The colonies without blue colour have DNA insert in the plasmid and are identified as recombinant colonies. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

  1. A.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
  2. B.Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
  3. C.Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
  4. D.Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
Show answer

Answer: D. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Blue-white screening uses X-gal. If foreign DNA inserts into the plasmid's lacZα gene, β-galactosidase is not produced → colonies stay white (recombinants). Non-insert colonies produce β-galactosidase → turn blue.

Question 4 · NEET 2025

In the above represented plasmid an alien piece of DNA is inserted at EcoRI site. Which of the following strategies will be chosen to select the recombinant colonies?

  1. A.Using ampicillin & tetracyclin containing medium plate.
  2. B.Blue color colonies will be selected.
  3. C.White color colonies will be selected.
  4. D.Blue color colonies grown on ampicillin plates can be selected.
Show answer

Answer: C. White color colonies will be selected.

Recombinant insertion at EcoRI disrupts lacZ, preventing blue color. Therefore, white colonies on ampicillin plates indicate recombinants. Option C matches that.

Question 5 · NEET 2025

Silencing of specific mRNA is possible via RNAi because of -

  1. A.Complementary dsRNA
  2. B.Inhibitory ssRNA
  3. C.Complementary tRNA
  4. D.Non-complementary ssRNA
Show answer

Answer: A. Complementary dsRNA

RNA interference (RNAi) silences mRNA by using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is complementary to the target mRNA. This dsRNA is processed into siRNAs which guide the RISC complex to degrade the complementary mRNA.

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