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Class XII · Biology

Ecosystem: NEET MCQ practice

293 practice questions on Ecosystem, including 69 from past NEET papers, each with an explanation. Practise them chapter by chapter in the GyaanLoop app.

293

Practice questions

156

Easy

136

Medium

1

Hard

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What Ecosystem covers

Topics in the NEET (UG) 2026–27 syllabus for this chapter.

  • Patterns, components of ecosystem
  • Productivity and decomposition
  • Energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass and energy

Past NEET questions on Ecosystem

Try each one, then open the answer and explanation.

Question 1 · NEET 2025

Given below are two statements: Statement I: The primary source of energy in an ecosystem is solar energy. Statement II: The rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis in an ecosystem is called net primary productivity (NPP). In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

  1. A.Both statement I and statement II are correct
  2. B.Both statement I and statement II are incorrect
  3. C.Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect
  4. D.Statement I is incorrect but statement II is correct
Show answer

Answer: C. Statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect

Statement I is correct: solar energy is indeed the primary energy source for ecosystems via photosynthesis. Statement II is incorrect: the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis is gross primary productivity (GPP); NPP is GPP minus respiration. Therefore, option C matches.

Question 2 · NEET 2025

Who is known as the father of Ecology in India?

  1. A.S. R. Kashyap
  2. B.Ramdeo Misra
  3. C.Ram Udar
  4. D.Birbal Sahni
Show answer

Answer: B. Ramdeo Misra

The father of Indian ecology is widely recognized as Prof. Ramdeo Misra for his foundational work in ecology and environmental sciences in India.

Question 3 · NEET 2025

Which of the following is the unit of productivity of an Ecosystem?

  1. A.gm–2
  2. B.KCal m–2
  3. C.KCal m–3
  4. D.(KCal m–2)yr–1
Show answer

Answer: D. (KCal m–2)yr–1

Productivity in ecology means biomass or energy produced per unit area per unit time. Unit = mass (or energy) × area⁻¹ × time⁻¹ ⇒ KCal m⁻² yr⁻¹.

Question 4 · NEET 2025

Given below are two statements: Statement I: In ecosystem, there is unidirectional flow of energy of sun from producers to consumers. Statement II: Ecosystems are exempted from 2nd law of thermodynamics. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

  1. A.Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
  2. B.Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
  3. C.Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
  4. D.Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
Show answer

Answer: C. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

Statement I is true: energy flows unidirectionally from sun → producers → consumers. Statement II is false: ecosystems obey the 2nd law of thermodynamics (energy transformations increase entropy).

Question 5 · NEET 2024

Which one of the following is not a limitation of ecological pyramids?

  1. A.Saprophytes are not given any place in ecological pyramids
  2. B.It assumes a simple food chain, that almost never exists in nature
  3. C.It accommodates a food web
  4. D.It does not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels
Show answer

Answer: C. It accommodates a food web

Ecological pyramids illustrate energy/biomass/number at trophic levels. Limitations: saprophytes omitted; assumes simple food chains, not complex webs; same species can occupy multiple levels not shown. 'It accommodates a food web' is NOT a limitation; it's the opposite.

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