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Class XII · Biology

Molecular Basis of Inheritance: NEET MCQ practice

358 practice questions on Molecular Basis of Inheritance, including 63 from past NEET papers, each with an explanation. Practise them chapter by chapter in the GyaanLoop app.

358

Practice questions

214

Easy

143

Medium

1

Hard

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What Molecular Basis of Inheritance covers

Topics in the NEET (UG) 2026–27 syllabus for this chapter.

  • Search for genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging
  • DNA replication; transcription, genetic code, translation
  • Gene expression and regulation- Lac operon
  • Genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting
  • Protein biosynthesis

Past NEET questions on Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Try each one, then open the answer and explanation.

Question 1 · NEET 2025

Histones are enriched with -

  1. A.Lysine & Arginine
  2. B.Leucine & Lysine
  3. C.Phenylalanine & Leucine
  4. D.Phenylalanine & Arginine
Show answer

Answer: A. Lysine & Arginine

Histones are basic proteins rich in positively charged amino acids to bind DNA’s phosphate backbone. Lysine and arginine are basic amino acids with positive R groups; leucine and phenylalanine are hydrophobic.

Question 2 · NEET 2025

Which factor is important for termination of transcription?

  1. A. (alpha)
  2. B. (sigma)
  3. C. (rho)
  4. D. (gamma)
Show answer

Answer: C.  (rho)

In transcription (DNA to RNA), termination in prokaryotes often requires rho (ρ) factor, a helicase that releases RNA polymerase from DNA. Rho-dependent termination is key. Sigma (σ) initiates, α is part of polymerase, γ is ATP synthase subunit.

Question 3 · NEET 2025

Match List-I with List-II. List-I List-II A. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase I. Streptococcus Pneumoniae B. Euchromatin II. Densely packed and dark-stained C. Frederick Griffith III. Loosely packed and light-stained D. Heterochromatin IV. DNA as genetic material confirmation Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. A.A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
  2. B.A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III
  3. C.A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
  4. D.A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
Show answer

Answer: C. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Hershey–Chase confirmed DNA as genetic material (IV). Griffith used Streptococcus pneumoniae (I). Euchromatin is loosely packed, light-stained (III). Heterochromatin is densely packed, dark-stained (II).

Question 4 · NEET 2025

Who proposed that the genetic code for amino acids should be made up of three nucleotides?

  1. A.George Gamow
  2. B.Francis Crick
  3. C.Jacque Monod
  4. D.Franklin Stahl
Show answer

Answer: A. George Gamow

The triplet nature of the genetic code was proposed by physicist George Gamow based on reasoning about combinations of four nucleotides coding for 20 amino acids.

Question 5 · NEET 2025

Which of the following are the post-transcriptional events in an eukaryotic cell? A. Transport of pre-mRNA to cytoplasm prior to splicing. B. Removal of introns and joining of exons. C. Addition of methyl group at 5’ end of hnRNA. D. Addition of adenine residues at 3’ end of hnRNA. E. Base pairing of two complementary RNAs. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. A.A, B, C only
  2. B.B, C, D only
  3. C.B, C, E only
  4. D.C, D, E only
Show answer

Answer: B. B, C, D only

Post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotes include splicing (removal of introns, joining exons), 5' capping (addition of methylated guanine), and 3' polyadenylation (adding adenine residues). Transport of pre-mRNA to cytoplasm occurs after splicing, and base pairing of complementary RNAs is not a standard post-transcriptional event.

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